Study active since September 2024
Air quality in Southern San Diego
A multi-university research campaign investigating how cross-border sewage pollution in the Tijuana River affects the air communities breathe.
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Near-real-time H₂S data is available from our monitoring stations.
View live data →
About this study
What we're investigating
Our primary objective is to understand the link between poor water quality and degraded air quality in the southern San Diego region. This study is led by UC San Diego researchers in collaboration with UT Austin, SDSU, UC Riverside, University of Trieste, NOAA, and NCAR.
Our research
Here is what we are doing
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01
Connecting air quality to health effects
We're working to determine if there are connections between health effects and what is measured in the air. Participate through our sleep quality and health surveys.
02
Mapping smells and air pollution
We drove the UT Austin mobile electric van equipped with instruments to directly sample and measure the air, helping us understand which chemical species contribute to the smells and air pollution. Importantly, we will be able to directly measure what people are breathing.
03
Measuring particles and gases in the air
We installed instruments in homes and locations around South Bay: some measure Particulate Matter (PM), others measure gases. We also have a mobile lab. We are mapping how these change as they move from the ocean towards land, day versus night.
04
Analyzing biological particles
We have sampled the air at certain sites to collect bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and other chemicals in the air to better understand their sources.
05
Understanding the smell
We are using instruments to better understand the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contributing to the range of odors in the region.
06
Indoor air and dust sampling
Given that people spend 90% of their time indoors, we have collected air and dust inside some homes in the community to understand what people are being exposed to indoors.
07
Improving future models
We are using gas and particle measurements to determine how the gases contribute to the marine haze and air quality. The results will be used to improve air quality models.
08
What's in the water?
Heavy metals
PFAS / PFOS
Real-time monitoring
We collect water and foam samples from the Tijuana River corridor and analyze them for heavy metals and "forever chemicals" — PFAS and PFOS — that persist in the environment and accumulate in the body. We now deploy sondes for continuous, real-time river water quality monitoring, giving us an unprecedented picture of how contamination levels shift hour by hour.
09
Following the pollution offshore
SIO research vessels
Ocean sampling
Plume tracking
Tijuana River pollution doesn't stop at the beach. Our team deploys aboard Scripps Institution of Oceanography research vessels to track how contamination moves through coastal waters offshore. We just completed a sampling cruise — stay tuned for results.

Get involved
Your participation matters
This study will help us better understand local air quality and how it might affect health. Here's how you can contribute.
Survey
Sleep quality survey
If you live in the region, tell us if and how your sleep has been impacted by air quality issues.
Take the survey →
Survey
Health effects survey
Help SDSU researchers understand the broader health impacts experienced by community members.
Take the survey →
Live data
Real-time H₂S measurements
Access near-real-time hydrogen sulfide measurements from our ongoing research monitoring stations.
View live data →
Protect yourself
There are things you can do
We filter the water we drink—why not filter the air before we breathe it? Installing air filters in your home can improve the quality of air you breathe indoors.
See our science team around the city? Feel free to talk to us, or email airborne@ucsd.edu.